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German language belongs to the Western Germanic linguistic branch. The vast majority
of the European Union population speaks German. It is used by 120 million speakers in 38
countries. Its three principal centers of usage are Austria, Germany and Switzerland. Therefore,
German may be called a pluriscentric language. Besides, German is the official language in the
EU, Liehtenstein, Luxemburg and Belgium. It is ranked 11th among the world languages.
The dialect range of the German language is wide due to the peculiarities of German
landscape that is known for its hardly passable woods and mountain ranges. Besides, Germany
was fragmented into minor feudal states for many centuries. Therefore, almost every state
(currently Land) has a unique dialect that primarily developed without contacts with other
languages or variants. Luther's translation of the Bible was done in Eastern dialects with
grammatical traits of Middle High German. However, the unified language did not develop until
the 50ies of the 18th century.
German was the official language of the mighty and vast Habsburg Empire, which
existed until the middle of the 19th century. It is interesting to note that the most appropriate
dictionary of German language was compiled by the linguists brothers Grimm in the 19th century;
until now it remains one of the most adequate compendiums of German lexical resources.
The most prominent German writers, poets and artists emerged in the Romantic period
(the beginning of the nineteenth century): Novalis, Gofman, Heine, Wagner and others. Well-
known is the German school of philosophy, starting from Kant and continuing through
Schleiermacher, Fichte, Schlegel, brothers Schillers, Nietzsche and others. The classical writer of
the German literary canon is Goethe, the author of the dramatic poem "Faust", which managed to
encompass all the verbal variety of the German language.
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