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Ukrainian language belongs to the Eastern group of Slavonic languages, which also
includes Russian and Byelorussian. It is spoken by the population of Ukraine (48 million
people), and the Ukrainian Diaspora, which constitutes about 10 million people in various
countries of the world, mostly Canada and the United States of America.
The Ukrainian nationality with its own language emerged in the 11-12th centuries, on the
basis of the feudal state Kyiv Russ and the Old Slavonic language. The initial literature, mostly
manuscripts on religious themes was rewritten from the Old Slavonic originals, translated from
Greek. The copyists attempted to preserve the grammatical features of the original texts, but their
mistakes gave out the influence of the spoken language. Therefore, ancient medieval texts reveal
the peculiarities of the East-Slavonic dialects, which became the linguistic foundation of the will-
be Ukrainian language. The brightest example of these dialects is the famous retinue epos "A
Word about Igor's Regiment" ("Slovo o Polku Ihorevim"), the significance of which places it in
the row with other European medieval epic masterpieces of literature: "The Forsythe Saga",
"The Song about Roland", "The Song about My Sid", legends of the Arthurian cycle and others.
The golden age of Ukrainian literature dates back to the 15-16th centuries, the times of the
Baroque polemic writings, which contributed to gradual purification of the Ukrainian language
from Slavonic influence and the emergence of the truly unique language. The Romantic poet
Taras Shevchenko is considered to be the father of the modern literary language, who revealed
the tuneful and enchanting qualities of Ukrainian language. The Realist writer Ivan Franko and
the Modernist playwright and poet Lesia Ukrainka further developed the expressive properties of
the literary Ukrainian. Currently, this language is regarded as the most melodious one after
French.
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